f8k091307_transdel.htm
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
____________________________________________________________
FORM
8-K
CURRENT
REPORT
Pursuant
to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
____________________________________________________________
Date
of
Report (Date of earliest event reported): September 10,
2007
Transdel
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
(Exact
Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
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|
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(State
or other jurisdiction
of
incorporation)
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(Commission
File Number)
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(IRS
Employer
Identification
No.)
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300
Park Avenue, Suite 1700, New York, NY
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|
(Address
of principal executive offices)
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(Zip
Code)
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Registrant’s
telephone number, including area code: (212) 572-6395
_____________________________________________ |
(Former
name or former address, if changed since last
report)
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Check
the appropriate box below if the
Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation
of
the registrant under any of the following provisions:
o
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Written
communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17
CFR
230.425)
|
o
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Soliciting
material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 DFR
240.14a-12)
|
o
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Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17
CFR
240.14d-2(b))
|
o
|
Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4 (c) under the Exchange Act
(17 CFR
240.13e-4(c))
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Item
5.03 Amendment
to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal
Year
On
September 10, 2007, our Board of
Directors approved the amendment and restatement of our Certificate of
Incorporation in order to, among other things, change our name to “Transdel
Pharmaceuticals, Inc.” from “Bywater Resources Inc.,” decrease our authorized
capital stock from 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per
share, and 50,000,0000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share,
to 50,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 5,000,000
million shares of “blank check” preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, and
effect a 1-for-0.4625 reverse stock split. Our
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation also provides that we will
indemnify our directors, officers, employees and agents to the extent and in
the
manner permitted by the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State
Delaware, as amended from time to time, subject to any permissible expansion
or
limitation of such indemnification, as may be set forth in any stockholders’ or
directors’ resolution or by contract. On September 10, 2007,
stockholders representing the requisite number of votes necessary to approve
the
adoption of our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation took action
via written consent, approving the Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation. On September 11, 2007, we filed our Amended and
Restated Certificate of Incorporation with the Secretary of State of the State
of Delaware. The full text of our Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation is attached hereto as Exhibit 3.1.
On
September 10, 2007, our Board of
Directors approved the amendment and restatement of our Bylaws in order to
update and modernize our bylaws. Among other things, our Amended and
Restated Bylaws permit our stockholders to act in lieu of meeting of the
stockholders, if a consent or consents in writing setting forth the action
so
taken are signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the
minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action
at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and
voted. The full text of our Amended and Restated Bylaws is attached
hereto as Exhibit 3.2.
Item
9.01 Financial
Statements and Exhibits.
(d)
Exhibits.
The
exhibits listed in the
following Exhibit Index are filed as part of this Current Report on Form
8-K.
Exhibit
No.
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Description
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3.1
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Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
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3.2
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Amended
and Restated Bylaws
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant
has
duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto
duly authorized.
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TRANSDEL
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
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Dated:
September 13, 2007
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By:
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/s/
Rolf Harms
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ROLF
HARMS
President
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INDEX
TO EXHIBITS
Exhibit
No.
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Description
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3.1
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Amended
and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
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3.2
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Amended
and Restated Bylaws
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f8k091307ex31_transdel.htm
AMENDED
AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE
OF INCORPORATION
OF
BYWATER
RESOURCES INC.
BYWATER
RESOURCES INC., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the
State
of Delaware (the "Corporation"), hereby certifies as follows:
1.
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The
name of the Corporation is Bywater Resources
Inc.
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2.
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The
date of the filing of the Corporation's original Certificate of
Incorporation with the Secretary of State was January 11,
2006.
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3.
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This
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation has been duly adopted
by
the Board of Directors with approval by the Corporation's stockholders
in
accordance with Sections 228, 242 and 245 of the
Delaware General Corporation Law and the Board of Directors, with
the
stockholders' approval, has resolved that the Certificate of Incorporation
of the Corporation be deleted and replaced in its entirety with this
Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation.
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4.
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The
text of the Corporation's Amended and Restated Certificate of
Incorporation is set forth in full on Exhibit A annexed
hereto.
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IN
WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused this Amended and Restated
Certificate of Incorporation to be executed on this
11th day of September, 2007.
BYWATER
RESOURCES
INC.
By:
/s/ Rolf Harms
Name:
Rolf
Harms
Title:
President
Exhibit
A
FIRST:
The name of this Corporation is Transdel Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
SECOND:
The address, including street, number, city and county, of the registered office
of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is 615 South DuPont Highway, Dover,
Delaware 19901, County of Kent; and the name of the registered agent of the
Corporation in the State of Delaware at such address is National Corporate
Research, Ltd.
THIRD:
The nature of the business and of the purposes to be conducted and promoted
by
the Corporation is to conduct any lawful business, to promote any lawful
purpose, and to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations
may
be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware.
FOURTH:
A. Classes and Numbers of Shares. The total number of shares of stock
that the Corporation shall have authority to issue is Fifty Five Million
(55,000,000). The Classes and aggregate number of shares of each class which
the
Corporation shall have authority to issue are as follows:
1. Fifty
Million (50,000,000) shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the
"Common Stock"); and
2. Five
Million (5,000,000) shares of Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the
"Preferred Stock"); and
B. Blank
Check Powers. The Corporation may issue any class of the Preferred Stock in
any series. The Board of Directors shall have authority to establish and
designate series, and to fix the number of shares included in each such series
and the variations in the relative rights, preferences and limitations as
between series, provided that, if the stated dividends and amounts payable
on
liquidation are not paid in full, the shares of all series of the same class
shall share ratably in the payment of dividends including accumulations, if
any,
in accordance with the sums which would be payable on such shares if all
dividends were declared and paid in full, and in any distribution of assets
other than by way of dividends in accordance with the sums which would be
payable on such distribution if all sums payable were discharged in full. Shares
of each such series when issued shall be designated to distinguish the shares
of
each series from shares of all other series.
C. Reverse
Stock Split. Upon this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
becoming effective pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of
Delaware (the "Effective Time"), each share of the Corporation's common stock,
$0.001 par value per share (the "Old Common Stock"), issued and outstanding
immediately prior to the Effective Time, will be automatically reclassified
as
and converted into 0.4625 of a share of common stock, $0.001 par value per
share, of the Corporation (the "New Common Stock"). Any stock certificate that,
immediately prior to the Effective Time, represented shares of the Old Common
Stock will, from and after the Effective Time, automatically and without the
necessity of presenting the same for exchange, represent the number of shares
of
the New Common
Stock as equals the product obtained by multiplying the number of shares of
Old
Common Stock represented by such certificate immediately prior to the Effective
Time by 0.4625.
FIFTH:
Whenever a compromise or arrangement is proposed between this Corporation and
its creditors or any class of them and/or between this Corporation and its
stockholders or any class of them, any court of equitable jurisdiction within
the State of Delaware may, on the application in a summary way of this
Corporation or any creditor or stockholder thereof or on the application of
any
receiver or receivers appointed for this Corporation under the provisions of
Section 291 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code or on the application of trustees
in
dissolution or of any receiver or receivers appointed for this Corporation
under
the provisions of Section 279 of Title 8 of the Delaware Code order a meeting
of
the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the stockholders or class of
stockholders, of this Corporation, as the case may be, to be summoned in such
manner as the said court directs. If a majority in number representing
three-fourths in value of the creditors or class of creditors, and/or of the
stockholders or class of stockholders, of this Corporation, as the case may
be,
agree to any compromise or arrangement and to any reorganization of this
Corporation as a consequence of such compromise or arrangement, the said
compromise or arrangement and the said reorganization shall, if sanctioned
by
the court to which the said application has been made, be binding on all the
creditors or class of creditors, and/or on all the stockholders or class of
stockholders, of this Corporation, as the case may be, and also on this
Corporation.
SIXTH:
The original By-Laws of the Corporation shall be adopted by the incorporator.
Thereafter, the power to make, alter, or repeal the By-Laws, and to adopt any
new By-Law, shall be vested in the Board of Directors.
SEVENTH:
To the fullest extent that the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware,
as it exists on the date hereof or as it may hereafter be amended, permits
the
limitation or elimination of the liability of directors, no director of this
Corporation shall be personally liable to this Corporation or its stockholders
for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, a director shall be liable to the extent provided by applicable
law: (1) for any breach of the directors' duty of loyalty to the Corporation
or
its stockholders; (2) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve
intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; (3) under section 174
of
the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware; or (4) for any transaction
from which the director derived any improper personal benefit. Neither the
amendment nor repeal of this Article, nor the adoption of any provision of
this
Certificate of Incorporation inconsistent with this Article, shall adversely
affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing at
the
time of such amendment or repeal.
EIGHTH:
The Corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as the same may be amended
and
supplemented, indemnify any and all persons whom it shall have power to
indemnify under said section from and against any and all of the expenses,
liabilities or other matters referred to in or covered by said section. The
Corporation shall advance expenses to the fullest extent permitted
by said section. Such right to indemnification and advancement of expenses
shall
continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee
or
agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators
of such a person. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided
for
herein shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking
indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any By-Law,
agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or
otherwise.
f8k091307ex32_transdel.htm
AMENDED
AND RESTATED BYLAWS
OF
TRANSDEL
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
____________________________________________
a
Delaware corporation
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OFFICES
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Registered
Office
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1
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Section
1.2
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Other
Offices
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1
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ARTICLE
2
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STOCKHOLDERS’
MEETINGS
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1
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Section
2.1
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Place
of Meetings
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1
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Section
2.2
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Annual
Meetings
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2
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Section
2.3
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Special
Meetings
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2
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Section
2.4
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Notice
of Meetings
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2
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Section
2.5
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Quorum
and Voting
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3
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Section
2.6
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Voting
Rights
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4
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Section
2.7
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Voting
Procedures and Inspectors of Elections
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5
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Section
2.8
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List
of Stockholders
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6
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Section
2.9
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Action
Without Meeting
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6
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ARTICLE
3
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DIRECTORS
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7
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Section
3.1
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Number
and Term of Office
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7
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Section
3.2
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Powers
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8
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Section
3.3
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Vacancies
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8
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Section
3.4
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Resignations
and Removals
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8
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Section
3.5
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Meetings
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8
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Section
3.6
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Quorum
and Voting
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9
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Section
3.7
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Action
Without Meeting
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9
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Section
3.8
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Fees
and Compensation
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10
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Section
3.9
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Committees
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10
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ARTICLE
4
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OFFICERS
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11
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Section
4.1
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Officers
Designated
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11
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Section
4.2
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Tenure
and Duties of Officers
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11
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ARTICLE
5
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EXECUTION
OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS, AND VOTING OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE
CORPORATION
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12
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Section
5.1
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Execution
of Corporate Instruments
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12
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Section
5.2
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Voting
of Securities Owned by Corporation
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13
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ARTICLE
6
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SHARES
OF STOCK
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13
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Section
6.1
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Form
and Execution of Certificates
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13
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Section
6.2
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Lost
Certificates
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14
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Section
6.3
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Transfers
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14
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Section
6.4
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Fixing
Record Dates
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14
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Section
6.5
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Registered
Stockholders
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15
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ARTICLE
7
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OTHER
SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION
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15
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ARTICLE
8
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INDEMNIFICATION
OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS
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16
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Section
8.1
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Right
to Indemnification
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16
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Section
8.2
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Authority
to Advance Expenses
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17
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Section
8.3
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Right
of Claimant to Bring Suit
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17
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Section
8.4
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Provisions
Nonexclusive
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17
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Section
8.5
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Authority
to Insure
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18
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Section
8.6
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Survival
of Rights
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18
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Section
8.7
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Settlement
of Claims
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18
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Section 8.8
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Effect
of Amendment
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18
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Section 8.9
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Subrogation
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18
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Section 8.10
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No
Duplication of Payments
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18
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ARTICLE
9
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NOTICES
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18
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ARTICLE
10
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AMENDMENTS
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20
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AMENDED
AND RESTATED BYLAWS
OF
TRANSDEL
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
____________________________________________________
ARTICLE
1
OFFICES
Section
1.1 Registered
Office.
The
registered office of TRANSDEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. (hereinafter, the
“corporation”) in the State of Delaware shall be National Corporate Research,
Ltd., 615 South DuPont Highway, Dover, Delaware 19901, County of
Kent.
Section
1.2 Other
Offices.
The
corporation shall also have and maintain an office or principal place of
business at 4225 Executive Square, Suite 460, La Jolla, CA 92037, and may also
have offices at such other places, both within and without the State of Delaware
as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of
the
corporation may require.
ARTICLE
2
STOCKHOLDERS’
MEETINGS
Section
2.1 Place
of Meetings.
(a) Meetings
of stockholders may be held at such place, either within or without this State,
as may be designated by or in the manner provided in these bylaws or, if not
so
designated, as determined by the Board of Directors. The Board of
Directors may, in its sole discretion, determine that the meeting shall not
be
held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote
communication as authorized by paragraph (b) of this Section 2.1.
(b) If
authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, and subject to
such
guidelines and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt, stockholders
and
proxyholders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means
of remote communication:
(1) Participate
in a meeting of stockholders; and
(2) Be
deemed
present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders whether such meeting
is
to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication,
provided that (A) the corporation shall implement reasonable measures to verify
that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means
of
remote
communication
is a stockholder or proxyholder, (B) the corporation shall implement reasonable
measures to provide such stockholders and proxyholders a reasonable opportunity
to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the
stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the
meeting substantially concurrently with such proceedings, and (C) if any
stockholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means
of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be
maintained by the corporation.
(c) For
purposes of this Section 2.1, “remote communication” shall include
(1) telephone or other voice communications and (2) electronic mail or
other form of written or visual electronic communications satisfying the
requirements of Section 2.11(b).
Section
2.2 Annual
Meetings.
The
annual meetings of the stockholders of the corporation, for the purpose of
election of directors and for such other business as may lawfully come before
it, shall be held on such date and at such time as may be designated from time
to time by the Board of Directors.
Section
2.3 Special
Meetings.
Special
Meetings of the stockholders of the corporation may be called, for any purpose
or purposes, by the Chairman of the Board or the President or the Board of
Directors at any time.
Section
2.4 Notice
of Meetings.
(a) Except
as
otherwise provided by law or the Certificate of Incorporation, written notice
of
each meeting of stockholders, specifying the place, if any, date and hour and
purpose or purposes of the meeting, and the means of remote communication,
if
any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed to be present in
person and vote at such meeting, shall be given not less than 10 nor more than
60 days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote
thereat, directed to his address as it appears upon the books of the
corporation; except that where the matter to be acted on is a merger or
consolidation of the Corporation or a sale, lease or exchange of all or
substantially all of its assets, such notice shall be given not less than 20
nor
more than 60 days prior to such meeting.
(b) If
at any
meeting action is proposed to be taken which, if taken, would entitle
shareholders fulfilling the requirements of section 262(d) of the Delaware
General Corporation Law to an appraisal of the fair value of their shares,
the
notice of such meeting shall contain a statement of that purpose and to that
effect and shall be accompanied by a copy of that statutory
section.
(c) When
a
meeting is adjourned to another time or place, notice need not be given of
the
adjourned meeting if the time, place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote
communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxyholders may be deemed
to
be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting, are announced at the
meeting at which the adjournment is taken unless the adjournment is for more
than thirty days, or unless after the adjournment a new record date is fixed
for
the adjourned meeting, in which event a notice of the adjourned meeting shall
be
given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the
meeting.
(d) Notice
of
the time, place and purpose of any meeting of stockholders may be waived in
writing, either before or after such meeting, and, to the extent permitted
by
law, will be waived by any stockholder by his attendance thereat, in person
or
by proxy. Any stockholder so waiving notice of such meeting shall be
bound by the proceedings of any such meeting in all respects as if due notice
thereof had been given.
(e) Without
limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to
stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the corporation under any
provision of Delaware General Corporation Law, the certificate of incorporation,
or these bylaws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission
consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given. Any such
consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the
corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if (i) the
corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive
notices given by the corporation in accordance with such consent, and (ii)
such
inability becomes known to the secretary or an assistant secretary of the
corporation or to the transfer agent or other person responsible for the giving
of notice; provided, however, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability
as
a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action. Notice
given pursuant to this subparagraph (e) shall be deemed given: (1) if
by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the
stockholder has consented to receive notice; (2) if by electronic mail, when
directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder has consented
to
receive notice; (3) if by a posting on an electronic network together with
separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later
of
(A) such posting and (B) the giving of such separate notice; and (4) if by
any
other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the
stockholder. An affidavit of the secretary or an assistant secretary
or of the transfer agent or other agent of the corporation that the notice
has
been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in the absence of fraud,
be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein. For purposes of
these bylaws, “electronic transmission” means any form of communication, not
directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record
that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that
may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an
automated process.
Section
2.5 Quorum
and Voting.
(a) At
all
meetings of stockholders except where otherwise provided by law, the Certificate
of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the presence, in person or by proxy duly
authorized, of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of stock
entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.
Shares, the voting of which at said meeting have been enjoined, or which for
any
reason cannot be lawfully voted at such meeting, shall not be counted to
determine a quorum at said meeting. In the absence of a quorum, any
meeting of stockholders may be adjourned, from time to time, by vote of the
holders of a majority of the shares represented thereat, but no other business
shall be transacted at such meeting. At such adjourned meeting at
which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted which
might have been transacted at the original meeting. The stockholders
present at a duly called or convened meeting at which a quorum is present may
continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal
of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.
(b) Except
as
otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws,
all
action taken by the holders of a majority of the voting power represented at
any
meeting at which a quorum is present shall be valid and binding upon the
corporation.
Section
2.6 Voting
Rights.
(a) Except
as
otherwise provided by law, only persons in whose names shares entitled to vote
stand on the stock records of the corporation on the record date for determining
the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting shall be entitled to vote
at
such meeting. Shares standing in the names of two or more persons
shall be voted or represented in accordance with the determination of the
majority of such persons, or, if only one of such persons is present in person
or represented by proxy, such person shall have the right to vote such shares
and such shares shall be deemed to be represented for the purpose of determining
a quorum.
(b) Every
person entitled to vote or to execute consents shall have the right to do so
either in person or by an agent or agents authorized by a written proxy executed
by such person or his duly authorized agent, which proxy shall be filed with
the
Secretary of the corporation at or before the meeting at which it is to be
used. Said proxy so appointed need not be a
stockholder. No proxy shall be voted on after three (3) years from
its date unless the proxy provides for a longer period. Unless and
until voted, every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure of the person who
executed it or of his legal representatives or assigns, except in those cases
where an irrevocable proxy permitted by statute has been given.
(c) Without
limiting the manner in which a stockholder may authorize another person or
persons to act for him as proxy pursuant to subsection (b) of this section,
the
following shall constitute a valid means by which a stockholder may grant such
authority:
(1) A
stockholder may execute a writing authorizing another person or persons to
act
for him as proxy. Execution may be accomplished by the stockholder or
his authorized officer, director, employee or agent signing such writing or
causing his or her signature to be affixed to such writing by any reasonable
means including, but not limited to, by facsimile signature.
(2) A
stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for him as proxy
by
transmitting or authorizing the transmission of a telephone, telegram, cablegram
or other means of electronic transmission to the person who will be the holder
of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization
or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy
to receive such transmission, provided that any such telephone, telegram,
cablegram or other means of electronic transmission must either set forth or
be
submitted with information from which it can be determined that the telephone,
telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission was authorized by the
stockholder. Such authorization can be established by the signature
of the stockholder on the proxy, either in writing or by a signature stamp
or
facsimile signature, or by a number or symbol from which the identity of the
stockholder can be determined, or by any other procedure deemed appropriate
by
the inspectors or other persons making the determination as to due
authorization.
If
it is
determined that such telegrams, cablegrams or other electronic transmissions
are
valid, the inspectors or, if there are no inspectors, such other persons making
that determination shall specify the information upon which they
relied.
(d) Any
copy,
facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing or
transmission created pursuant to subsection (c) of this section may be
substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any
and
all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be used,
provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction
shall
be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or
transmission.
Section
2.7 Voting
Procedures and Inspectors of Elections.
(a) The
corporation shall, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or
more inspectors to act at the meeting and make a written report
thereof. The corporation may designate one or more persons as
alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no
inspector or alternate is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person
presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the
meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his
duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of
inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his
ability.
(b) The
inspectors shall (i) ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting
power of each, (ii) determine the shares represented at a meeting and the
validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots,
(iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the
disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors,
and
(v) certify their determination of the number of shares represented at the
meeting and their count of all votes and ballots. The inspectors may
appoint or retain other persons or entities to assist the inspectors in the
performance of the duties of the inspectors.
(c) The
date
and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which
the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the
meeting. No ballot, proxies or votes, nor any revocations thereof or
changes thereto, shall be accepted by the inspectors after the closing of the
polls unless the Court of Chancery upon application by a stockholder shall
determine otherwise.
(d) In
determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots, the inspectors
shall be limited to an examination of the proxies, any envelopes submitted
with
those proxies, any information provided in accordance with Sections 211(e)
or
212(c)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or any information provided
pursuant to Section 211(a)(2)(B)(i) or (iii) thereof, ballots and the regular
books and records of the corporation, except that the inspectors may consider
other reliable information for the limited purpose of reconciling proxies and
ballots submitted by or on behalf of banks, brokers, their nominees or similar
persons which represent more votes than the holder of a proxy is authorized
by
the record owner to cast or more votes than the stockholder holds of
record. If the inspectors consider other reliable information for the
limited purpose permitted herein, the inspectors at the time they make their
certification pursuant to subsection (b)(v) of this section shall specify the
precise information considered by them including the person or persons from
whom
they obtained the information, when
the
information was obtained, the means by which the information was obtained and
the basis for the inspectors’ belief that such information is accurate and
reliable.
Section
2.8 List
of Stockholders.
The
officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare
and
make, at least ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list
of
the stockholders entitled to vote at said meeting, arranged in alphabetical
order, showing the address of and the number of shares registered in the name
of
each stockholder. The corporation need not include electronic mail
addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such
list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for any purpose germane
to the meeting for a period of at least 10 days prior to the
meeting: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network,
provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided
with the notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours at
the principal place of business of the corporation. In the event that
the corporation determines to make the list available on an electronic network,
the corporation may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is
available only to stockholders of the corporation. If the meeting is
to be held at a place, then the list shall be produced and kept at the time
and
place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by
any
stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by
means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the
examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a
reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access
such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.
Section
2.9 Action
Without Meeting.
(a) Unless
otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required
by
statute to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the
corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting
of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice
and
without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing setting forth the action
so
taken are signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the
minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action
at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and
voted. To be effective, a written consent must be delivered to the
corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware, its principal
place of business, or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody
of
the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are
recorded. Delivery made to a corporation’s registered office shall be
by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt
requested. Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of
each stockholder who signs the consent, and no written consent shall be
effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within 60
days of the earliest dated consent delivered in the manner required by this
Section to the corporation, written consents signed by a sufficient number
of
holders to take action are delivered to the corporation in accordance with
this
Section. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without
a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those
stockholders who have not consented in writing.
(b) A
telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission consent to an action to
be
taken and transmitted by a stockholder or proxyholder, or by a person or persons
authorized to act for a stockholder or proxyholder, shall be deemed to be
written,
signed
and dated for the purposes of this section, provided that any such telegram,
cablegram or other electronic transmission sets forth or is delivered with
information from which the corporation can determine (i) that the telegram,
cablegram or other electronic transmission was transmitted by the stockholder
or
proxyholder or by a person or persons authorized to act for the stockholder
or
proxyholder, and (ii) the date on which such stockholder or proxyholder or
authorized person or persons transmitted such telegram, cablegram or electronic
transmission. The date on which such telegram, cablegram or
electronic transmission is transmitted shall be deemed to be the date on which
such consent was signed. No consent given by telegram, cablegram or
other electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been delivered until
such
consent is reproduced in paper form and until such paper form shall be delivered
to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in this State, its
principal place of business or an officer or agent of the corporation having
custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are
recorded. Delivery made to a corporation’s registered office shall be
made by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt
requested. Notwithstanding the foregoing limitations on delivery,
consents given by telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission may
be
otherwise delivered to the principal place of business of the corporation or
to
an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which
proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded if to the extent and in
the
manner provided by resolution of the Board of Directors of the
corporation.
(c) Any
copy,
facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in writing may be
substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and all purposes
for
which the original writing could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile
or
other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original
writing.
ARTICLE
3
DIRECTORS
Section
3.1 Number
and Term of Office.
The
number of directors of the corporation shall not be less than one (1) nor
more than ten (10) until changed by amendment of the Certificate of
Incorporation or by a Bylaw amending this Section 3.1 duly adopted by the vote
or written consent of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares or by
the
Board of Directors. The exact number of directors shall be fixed from
time to time, within the limits specified in the Certificate of Incorporation
or
in this Section 3.1, by a bylaw or amendment thereof duly adopted by the
vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote represented at a duly held
meeting at which a quorum is present, or by the written consent of the holders
of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, or by the Board of
Directors. Subject to the foregoing provisions for changing the
number of directors, the number of directors of the corporation has been fixed
at seven (7).
With
the
exception of the first Board of Directors, which shall be elected by the
incorporators, and except as provided in Section 3.3 of this Article III, the
directors shall be elected by a plurality vote of the shares represented in
person or by proxy, at the stockholders annual meeting in each year and entitled
to vote on the election of directors. Elected directors shall hold
office until the next annual meeting and until their
successors shall be duly elected and qualified. Directors need not be
stockholders.
If,
for
any cause, the Board of Directors shall not have been elected at an annual
meeting, they may be elected as soon thereafter as convenient at a special
meeting of the stockholders called for that purpose in the manner provided
in
these Bylaws.
Section
3.2 Powers.
The
powers of the corporation shall be exercised, its business conducted and its
property controlled by or under the direction of the Board of
Directors.
Section
3.3 Vacancies.
Vacancies
and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized
number of directors may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office,
although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director, and each director
so elected shall hold office for the unexpired portion of the term of the
director whose place shall be vacant and until his successor shall have been
duly elected and qualified. A vacancy in the Board of Directors shall
be deemed to exist under this section in the case of the death, removal or
resignation of any director, or if the stockholders fail at any meeting of
stockholders at which directors are to be elected (including any meeting
referred to in Section 3.4 below) to elect the number of directors then
constituting the whole Board.
Section
3.4 Resignations
and Removals.
(a) Any
director may resign at any time by delivering his resignation to the Secretary
in writing or by electronic transmission, such resignation to specify whether
it
will be effective at a particular time, upon receipt by the Secretary or at
the
pleasure of the Board of Directors. If no such specification is made
it shall be deemed effective at the pleasure of the Board of
Directors. When one or more directors shall resign from the Board
effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office,
including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy
or
vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations
shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office for the
unexpired portion of the term of the director whose place shall be vacated
and
until his successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.
(b) At
a
special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose in the manner hereinabove
provided, the Board of Directors or any individual director may be removed
from
office, with or without cause, and a new director or directors elected by a
vote
of stockholders holding a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote
at
an election of directors.
Section
3.5 Meetings.
(a) The
annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately after the
annual stockholders’ meeting and at the place where such meeting is held or at
the place announced by the Chairman at such meeting. No notice of an
annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be necessary, and such meeting
shall be held for the purpose of electing officers and transacting such other
business as may lawfully come before it.
(b) Except
as
hereinafter otherwise provided, regular meetings of the Board of Directors
shall
be held in the office of the corporation required to be maintained pursuant
to
Section 1.2 of Article I hereof. Regular meetings of the
Board of Directors may also be held at any place, within or without the State
of
Delaware, which has been designated by resolutions of the Board of Directors
or
the written consent of all directors.
(c) Special
meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time and place within
or
without the State of Delaware whenever called by the Chairman of the Board
or,
if there is no Chairman of the Board, by the President, or by any of the
directors.
(d) Written
notice of the time and place of all regular and special meetings of the Board
of
Directors shall be delivered personally to each director or sent by telegram
or
facsimile transmission or other form of electronic transmission at least
48 hours before the start of the meeting, or sent by first class mail at
least 120 hours before the start of the meeting. Notice of any
meeting may be waived in writing at any time before or after the meeting and
will be waived by any director by attendance thereat.
Section
3.6 Quorum
and Voting.
(a) A
quorum
of the Board of Directors shall consist of a majority of the exact number of
directors fixed from time to time in accordance with Section 3.1 of
Article III of these Bylaws, but not less than one; provided, however, at
any meeting whether a quorum be present or otherwise, a majority of the
directors present may adjourn from time to time until the time fixed for the
next regular meeting of the Board of Directors, without notice other than by
announcement at the meeting.
(b) At
each
meeting of the Board at which a quorum is present, all questions and business
shall be determined by a vote of a majority of the directors present, unless
a
different vote be required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these
Bylaws.
(c) Any
member of the Board of Directors, or of any committee thereof, may participate
in a meeting by means of conference telephone or other communication equipment
by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other,
and participation in a meeting by such means shall constitute presence in person
at such meeting.
(d) The
transactions of any meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee thereof,
however called or noticed, or wherever held, shall be as valid as though had
at
a meeting duly held after regular call and notice if a quorum be present and
if,
either before or after the meeting, each of the directors not present shall
sign
a written waiver of notice, or a consent to holding such meeting, or an approval
of the minutes thereof. All such waivers, consents or approvals shall
be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the
meeting.
Section
3.7 Action
Without Meeting.
Unless
otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any
action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of
Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all
members of the Board or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto
in writing or by electronic transmission, and
such
writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with
the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such filing
shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall
be
in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic
form.
Section
3.8 Fees
and Compensation.
Directors
and members of committees may receive such compensation, if any, for their
services, and such reimbursement for expenses, as may be fixed or determined
by
resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section
3.9 Committees.
(a) Executive
Committee: The Board of Directors may appoint an Executive
Committee of not less than one member, each of whom shall be a
director. The Executive Committee, to the extent permitted by law,
shall have and may exercise when the Board of Directors is not in session all
powers of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the
corporation, except such committee shall not have the power or authority to
amend these Bylaws or to approve or recommend to the stockholders any action
which must be submitted to stockholders for approval under the General
Corporation Law.
(b) Other
Committees: The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a
majority of the whole Board, from time to time appoint such other committees
as
may be permitted by law. Such other committees appointed by the Board
of Directors shall have such powers and perform such duties as may be prescribed
by the resolution or resolutions creating such committee, but in no event shall
any such committee have the powers denied to the Executive Committee in these
Bylaws.
(c) Term: The
terms of members of all committees of the Board of Directors shall expire on
the
date of the next annual meeting of the Board of Directors following their
appointment; provided that they shall continue in office until their successors
are appointed. The Board, subject to the provisions of
subsections (a) or (b) of this Section 3.9, may at any time
increase or decrease the number of members of a committee or terminate the
existence of a committee; provided that no committee shall consist of less
than
one member. The membership of a committee member shall terminate on
the date of his death or voluntary resignation, but the Board may at any time
for any reason remove any individual committee member and the Board may fill
any
committee vacancy created by death, resignation, removal or increase in the
number of members of the committee. The Board of Directors may
designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who
may
replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee,
and,
in addition, in the absence or disqualification of any member of a committee,
the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from
voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint
another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place
of
any such absent or disqualified member.
(d) Meetings: Unless
the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide, regular meetings of the
Executive Committee or any other committee appointed pursuant to this
Section 3.9
shall be held at such times and places as are determined by the Board of
Directors, or by any such committee, and when notice thereof has been given
to
each member of such committee, no further notice of such regular meetings need
be given thereafter; special meetings of any such committee may be held at
the
principal office of the corporation required to be maintained pursuant to
Section 1.2 of Article I hereof; or at any place which has been
designated from time to time by resolution of such committee or by written
consent of all members thereof, and may be called by any director who is a
member of such committee upon written notice to the members of such committee
of
the time and place of such special meeting given in the manner provided for
the
giving of written notice to members of the Board of Directors of the time and
place of special meetings of the Board of Directors. Notice of any
special meeting of any committee may be waived in writing at any time after
the
meeting and will be waived by any director by attendance thereat. A
majority of the authorized number of members of any such committee shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the act of a majority
of those present at any meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act
of
such committee.
ARTICLE
4
OFFICERS
Section
4.1 Officers
Designated.
The
officers of the corporation shall be a President, a Secretary and a
Treasurer. The Board of Directors or the President may also appoint a
Chairman of the Board, one or more Vice-Presidents, assistant secretaries,
assistant treasurers, and such other officers and agents with such powers and
duties as it or he shall deem necessary. The order of the seniority
of the Vice- Presidents shall be in the order of their nomination unless
otherwise determined by the Board of Directors. The Board of
Directors may assign such additional titles to one or more of the officers
as
they shall deem appropriate. Any one person may hold any number of
offices of the corporation at any one time unless specifically prohibited
therefrom by law. The salaries and other compensation of the officers
of the corporation shall be fixed by or in the manner designated by the Board
of
Directors.
Section
4.2 Tenure
and Duties of Officers.
(a) General: All
officers shall hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and until
their successors shall have been duly elected and qualified, unless sooner
removed. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors
may be removed at any time by the Board of Directors. If the office
of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by
the
Board of Directors. Nothing in these Bylaws shall be construed as
creating any kind of contractual right to employment with the
corporation.
(b) Duties
of the Chairman of the Board of Directors: The Chairman of the Board of
Directors (if there be such an officer appointed) when present shall preside
at
all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors. The
Chairman of the Board of Directors shall perform such other duties and have
such
other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to
time.
(c) Duties
of President: The President shall preside at all meetings of
the stockholders and at all meetings of the Board of Directors, unless the
Chairman of the Board of Directors has been appointed and is
present. The President shall perform such other duties and have such
other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate from time to
time.
(d) Duties
of Vice-Presidents: The Vice-Presidents, in the order of
their seniority, may assume and perform the duties of the President in the
absence or disability of the President or whenever the office of the President
is vacant. The Vice-President shall perform such other duties and
have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall
designate from time to time.
(e) Duties
of Secretary: The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the
stockholders and of the Board of Directors and any committee thereof, and shall
record all acts and proceedings thereof in the minute book of the corporation,
which may be maintained in either paper or electronic form. The
Secretary shall give notice, in conformity with these Bylaws, of all meetings
of
the stockholders and of all meetings of the Board of Directors and any Committee
thereof requiring notice. The Secretary shall perform such other
duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors shall designate
from
time to time. The President may direct any assistant secretary to
assume and perform the duties of the Secretary in the absence or disability
of
the Secretary, and each assistant secretary shall perform such other duties
and
have such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall
designate from time to time.
(f) Duties
of Treasurer: The Treasurer shall keep or cause to be kept
the books of account of the corporation in a thorough and proper manner, and
shall render statements of the financial affairs of the corporation in such
form
and as often as required by the Board of Directors or the
President. The Treasurer, subject to the order of the Board of
Directors, shall have the custody of all funds and securities of the
corporation. The Treasurer shall perform all other duties commonly
incident to his office and shall perform such other duties and have such other
powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate from time
to
time. The President may direct any assistant treasurer to assume and
perform the duties of the Treasurer in the absence or disability of the
Treasurer, and each assistant treasurer shall perform such other duties and
have
such other powers as the Board of Directors or the President shall designate
from time to time.
ARTICLE
5
EXECUTION
OF CORPORATE INSTRUMENTS, AND
VOTING
OF SECURITIES OWNED BY THE CORPORATION
Section
5.1 Execution
of Corporate Instruments.
(a) The
Board
of Directors may in its discretion determine the method and designate the
signatory officer or officers, or other person or persons, to execute any
corporate instrument or document, or to sign the corporate name without
limitation, except where otherwise provided by law, and such execution or
signature shall be binding upon the corporation.
(b) Unless
otherwise specifically determined by the Board of Directors or otherwise
required by law, formal contracts of the corporation, promissory notes, deeds
of
trust, mortgages and other evidences of indebtedness of the corporation, and
other corporate instruments or documents requiring the corporate seal, and
certificates of shares of stock owned by the corporation, shall be executed,
signed or endorsed by the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer
appointed) or by the President; such documents may also be executed by any
Vice-President and by the Secretary or Treasurer or any assistant secretary
or
assistant treasurer. All other instruments and documents requiring
the corporate signature but not requiring the corporate seal may be executed
as
aforesaid or in such other manner as may be directed by the Board of
Directors.
(c) All
checks and drafts drawn on banks or other depositaries on funds to the credit
of
the corporation or in special accounts of the corporation shall be signed by
such person or persons as the Board of Directors shall authorize so to
do.
(d) Execution
of any corporate instrument may be effected in such form, either manual,
facsimile or electronic signature, as may be authorized by the Board of
Directors.
Section
5.2 Voting
of Securities Owned by Corporation.
All
stock
and other securities of other corporations owned or held by the corporation
for
itself or for other parties in any capacity shall be voted, and all proxies
with
respect thereto shall be executed, by the person authorized so to do by
resolution of the Board of Directors or, in the absence of such authorization,
by the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer appointed), or by
the
President, or by any Vice-President.
ARTICLE
6
SHARES
OF STOCK
Section
6.1 Form
and Execution of Certificates.
The
shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that
the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or
all
of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated
shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by
a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the
corporation. Certificates for the shares of stock of the corporation
shall be in such form as is consistent with the Certificate of Incorporation
and
applicable law. Every holder of stock in the corporation shall be
entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the corporation
by,
the Chairman of the Board (if there be such an officer appointed), or by the
President or any Vice-President and by the Treasurer or assistant treasurer
or
the Secretary or assistant secretary, certifying the number of shares owned
by
him in the corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the
certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent,
or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon
a
certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar
before such certificate is issued, it may be issued with the same effect as
if
he were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of
issue.
If
the
corporation shall be authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more
than one series of any class, the powers, designations, preferences and
relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of
stock
or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such
preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face
or back of the certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such
class or series of stock, provided that, except as otherwise provided in
section 202 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, in lieu of the
foregoing requirements, there may be set forth on the face or back of the
certificate which the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series
of stock, a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each
stockholder who so requests the powers, designations, preferences and relative,
participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series
thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences
and/or rights.
Section
6.2 Lost
Certificates.
The
Board
of Directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place
of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the corporation alleged
to have been lost or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact
by
the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost or
destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or
certificates, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition
precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost or destroyed
certificate or certificates, or his legal representative, to indemnify the
corporation in such manner as it shall require and/or to give the corporation
a
surety bond in such form and amount as it may direct as indemnity against any
claim that may be made against the corporation with respect to the certificate
alleged to have been lost or destroyed.
Section
6.3
Transfers.
Transfers
of record of shares of stock of the corporation shall be made only upon its
books by the holders thereof, in person or by attorney duly authorized, and
upon
the surrender of a certificate or certificates for a like number of shares,
properly endorsed.
Section
6.4 Fixing
Record Dates.
(a) In
order
that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or
to
vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of
Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors, and which record date shall not be more than 60 nor less than 10
days
before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed by the
Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to
notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of
business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if
notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the date
on
which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record
entitled notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any
adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors
may
fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
(b) In
order
that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to consent to
corporate action in writing or by electronic transmission without a meeting,
the
Board
of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the
date
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors, and which date shall not be more than 10 days after the date upon
which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of
Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent
to
corporate action in writing or by electronic transmission without a meeting,
when no prior action by the Board of Directors is required by the Delaware
General Corporation Law, shall be the first date on which a signed written
consent or electronic transmission setting forth the action taken or proposed
to
be taken is delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office
in
Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the
corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of
stockholders are recorded; provided that any such electronic transmission shall
satisfy the requirements of Section 2.11(b) and, unless the Board of Directors
otherwise provides by resolution, no such consent by electronic transmission
shall be deemed to have been delivered until such consent is reproduced in
paper
form and until such paper form shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery
to its registered office in Delaware, its principal place of business or an
officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which
proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made
to a corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or
registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date has been
fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by the Board of Directors
is
required by law, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to
consent to corporate action in writing or by electronic transmission without
a
meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of
Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.
(c) In
order
that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment
of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights or the
stockholders entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change,
conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action,
the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not
precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted,
and which record date shall be not more than 60 days prior to such
action. If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining
stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the
day
on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating
thereto.
Section
6.5 Registered
Stockholders.
The
corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person
registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to
vote
as such owner, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim
to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether
or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise
provided by the laws of Delaware.
ARTICLE
7
OTHER
SECURITIES OF THE CORPORATION
All
bonds, debentures and other corporate securities of the corporation, other
than
stock certificates, may be signed by the Chairman of the Board (if there be
such
an officer appointed), or the President or any Vice-President or such other
person as may be authorized by the Board of Directors and the corporate seal
impressed thereon or a facsimile of such seal imprinted thereon and attested
by
the signature of the Secretary or an assistant secretary, or the Treasurer
or an
assistant treasurer; provided, however, that where any such bond, debenture
or
other corporate security shall be authenticated by the manual signature of
a
trustee under an indenture pursuant to which such bond, debenture or other
corporate security shall be issued, the signature of the persons signing and
attesting the corporate seal on such bond, debenture or other corporate security
may be the imprinted facsimile of the signatures of such persons.
Interest
coupons appertaining to any such bond, debenture or other corporate security,
authenticated by a trustee as aforesaid, shall be signed by the Treasurer or
an
assistant treasurer of the corporation, or such other person as may be
authorized by the Board of Directors, or bear imprinted thereon the facsimile
signature of such person. In case any officer who shall have signed
or attested any bond, debenture or other corporate security, or whose facsimile
signature shall appear thereon has ceased to be an officer of the corporation
before the bond, debenture or other corporate security so signed or attested
shall have been delivered, such bond, debenture or other corporate security
nevertheless may be adopted by the corporation and issued and delivered as
though the person who signed the same or whose facsimile signature shall have
been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer of the
corporation.
ARTICLE
8
INDEMNIFICATION
OF OFFICERS, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES AND AGENTS
Section
8.1 Right
to Indemnification.
Each
person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is
involved (as a party, witness, or otherwise), in any threatened, pending, or
completed action, suit, or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative,
or investigative (hereinafter a “Proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he, or
a person of whom he is the legal representative, is or was a director, officer,
employee, or agent of the corporation or is or was serving at the request of
the
corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another corporation
or
of a partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise, including service
with respect to employee benefit plans, whether the basis of the Proceeding
is
alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee, or
agent or in any other capacity while serving as a director, officer, employee,
or agent (hereafter an “Agent”), shall be indemnified and held harmless by the
corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation
Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended or interpreted (but, in
the
case of any such amendment or interpretation, only to the extent that such
amendment or interpretation permits the corporation to provide broader
indemnification rights than were permitted prior thereto) against all expenses,
liability, and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise
taxes or penalties, and amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, and any
interest, assessments, or other charges imposed thereon, and any federal, state,
local, or foreign taxes imposed on any Agent as a result of the actual or deemed
receipt of any payments under this Article) reasonably incurred or suffered
by
such person in connection with investigating, defending, being a witness in,
or
participating in (including on appeal), or preparing for any of the foregoing
in, any Proceeding (hereinafter “Expenses”); provided, however, that
except as to actions to enforce indemnification rights pursuant to
Section 8.3 of this Article, the
corporation shall indemnify any Agent seeking indemnification in connection
with
a Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person only if the Proceeding
(or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the
corporation. The right to indemnification conferred in this Article
shall be a contract right.
Section
8.2 Authority
to Advance Expenses.
Expenses
incurred by an officer or director (acting in his capacity as such) in defending
a Proceeding shall be paid by the corporation in advance of the final
disposition of such Proceeding, provided, however, that if required by the
Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended, such Expenses shall be advanced
only upon delivery to the corporation of an undertaking by or on behalf of
such
director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined
that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the corporation as authorized
in
this Article or otherwise. Expenses incurred by other Agents of the
corporation (or by the directors or officers not acting in their capacity as
such, including service with respect to employee benefit plans) may be advanced
upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors deems
appropriate. Any obligation to reimburse the corporation for Expense
advances shall be unsecured and no interest shall be charged
thereon.
Section
8.3 Right
of Claimant to Bring Suit.
If
a
claim under Section 8.1 or 8.2 of this Article is not paid in full by the
corporation within 120 days after a written claim has been received by the
corporation, the claimant may at any time thereafter bring suit against the
corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim and, if successful in
whole or in part, the claimant shall be entitled to be paid also the expense
(including attorneys’ fees) of prosecuting such claim. It shall be a
defense to any such action (other than an action brought to enforce a claim
for
expenses incurred in defending a Proceeding in advance of its final disposition
where the required undertaking has been tendered to the corporation) that the
claimant has not met the standards of conduct that make it permissible under
the
Delaware General Corporation Law for the corporation to indemnify the claimant
for the amount claimed. The burden of proving such a defense shall be
on the corporation. Neither the failure of the corporation (including
its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to
have
made a determination prior to the commencement of such action that
indemnification of the claimant is proper under the circumstances because he
has
met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General
Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the corporation (including
its
Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the
claimant had not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense
to
the action or create a presumption that claimant has not met the applicable
standard of conduct.
Section
8.4 Provisions
Nonexclusive.
The
rights conferred on any person by this Article shall not be exclusive of any
other rights that such person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute,
provision of the Certificate of Incorporation, agreement, vote of stockholders
or disinterested directors, or otherwise, both as to action in an official
capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such
office. To
the
extent that any provision of the Certificate, agreement, or vote of the
stockholders or disinterested directors is inconsistent with these bylaws,
the
provision, agreement, or vote shall take precedence.
Section
8.5 Authority
to Insure.
The
corporation may purchase and maintain insurance to protect itself and any Agent
against any Expense, whether or not the corporation would have the power to
indemnify the Agent against such Expense under applicable law or the provisions
of this Article.
Section
8.6 Survival
of Rights.
The
rights provided by this Article shall continue as to a person who has ceased
to
be an Agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors, and
administrators of such a person.
Section
8.7 Settlement
of Claims.
The
corporation shall not be liable to indemnify any Agent under this Article
(a) for any amounts paid in settlement of any action or claim effected
without the corporation’s written consent, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld; or (b) for any judicial award if the corporation was
not given a reasonable and timely opportunity, at its expense, to participate
in
the defense of such action.
Section
8.8 Effect
of Amendment.
Any
amendment, repeal, or modification of this Article shall not adversely affect
any right or protection of any Agent existing at the time of such amendment,
repeal, or modification.
Section
8.9 Subrogation.
In
the
event of payment under this Article, the corporation shall be subrogated to
the
extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Agent, who shall
execute all papers required and shall do everything that may be necessary to
secure such rights, including the execution of such documents necessary to
enable the corporation effectively to bring suit to enforce such
rights.
Section
8.10 No
Duplication of Payments.
The
corporation shall not be liable under this Article to make any payment in
connection with any claim made against the Agent to the extent the Agent has
otherwise actually received payment (under any insurance policy, agreement,
vote, or otherwise) of the amounts otherwise indemnifiable
hereunder.
ARTICLE
9
NOTICES
Whenever,
under any provisions of these Bylaws, notice is required to be given to any
stockholder, the same shall be given either (1) in writing, timely and duly
deposited in the United States Mail, postage prepaid, and addressed to his
last known post office address as shown by the stock record of the corporation
or its transfer agent, or (2) by a means of electronic transmission that
satisfies the requirements of Section 2.4(e) of these Bylaws, and has been
consented to by the stockholder to whom the notice is given. Any
notice required to be given to any director may be given by either of the
methods hereinabove stated, except that such notice other than one which is
delivered personally, shall be sent to such address or (in the case of
electronic communication) such e-mail address, facsimile telephone number or
other form of electronic address as such director shall have filed in writing
or
by electronic communication with the Secretary of the corporation, or, in the
absence of such filing, to the last known post office address of such
director. If no address of a stockholder or director be known, such
notice may be sent to the office of the corporation required to be maintained
pursuant to Section 1.2 of Article I hereof. An affidavit
of mailing, executed by a duly authorized and competent employee of the
corporation or its transfer agent appointed with respect to the class of stock
affected, specifying the name and address or the names and addresses of the
stockholder or stockholders, director or directors, to whom any such notice
or
notices was or were given, and the time and method of giving the same, shall
be
conclusive evidence of the statements therein contained. All notices
given by mail, as above provided, shall be deemed to have been given as at
the
time of mailing and all notices given by means of electronic transmission shall
be deemed to have been given as at the sending time recorded by the electronic
transmission equipment operator transmitting the same. It shall not
be necessary that the same method of giving notice be employed in respect of
all
directors, but one permissible method may be employed in respect of any one
or
more, and any other permissible method or methods may be employed in respect
of
any other or others. The period or limitation of time within which
any stockholder may exercise any option or right, or enjoy any privilege or
benefit, or be required to act, or within which any director may exercise any
power or right, or enjoy any privilege, pursuant to any notice sent him in
the
manner above provided, shall not be affected or extended in any manner by the
failure of such a stockholder or such director to receive such
notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the
provisions of the statutes or of the Certificate of Incorporation, or of these
Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the person or persons entitled
to
said notice, or a waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled
to
notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed
equivalent thereto. Whenever notice is required to be given, under
any provision of law or of the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the
corporation, to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving
of
such notice to such person shall not be required and there shall be no duty
to
apply to any governmental authority or agency for a license or permit to give
such notice to such person. Any action or meeting which shall be
taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is
unlawful shall have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly
given. In the event that the action taken by the corporation is such as to
require the filing of a certificate under any provision of the Delaware General
Corporation Law, the certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice
is required, that notice was given to all persons entitled to receive notice
except such persons with whom communication is unlawful.
ARTICLE
10
AMENDMENTS
These
Bylaws may be repealed, altered or amended or new Bylaws adopted by written
consent of stockholders in the manner authorized by Section 2.11 of
Article II, or at any meeting of the stockholders, either annual or
special, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the stock entitled to vote
at
such meeting, unless a larger vote is required by these Bylaws or the
Certificate of Incorporation. The Board of Directors shall also have
the authority to repeal, alter or amend these Bylaws or adopt new Bylaws
(including, without limitation, the amendment of any Bylaws setting forth the
number of directors who shall constitute the whole Board of Directors) by
unanimous written consent or at any annual, regular, or special meeting by
the
affirmative vote of a majority of the whole number of directors, subject to
the
power of the stockholders to change or repeal such Bylaws and provided that
the
Board of Directors shall not make or alter any Bylaws fixing the qualifications,
classifications, or term of office of directors.
CERTIFICATE
OF SECRETARY
The
undersigned, Secretary of TRANSDEL PHARMACEUTICALS, INC., a Delaware
corporation, hereby certifies that the foregoing is a full, true and correct
copy of the Bylaws of said corporation, with all amendments to date of this
Certificate.
WITNESS
the signature of the undersigned this 10th day of September,
2007.
/s/ Rolf
Harms
Rolf
Harms, Secretary